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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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Dynamic histone modification patterns coordinating DNA processes.

Laura López-Hernández1, Patrick Toolan-Kerr1, Andrew J Bannister2

  • 1Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.

Molecular Cell
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone modifications influence DNA processes like transcription and repair. This review explores how DNA processes also shape histone modifications, creating crosstalk for unified cellular functions.

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for DNA processes.
  • The relationship between histone PTMs and DNA processes is largely unidirectional.
  • Limited understanding exists on how DNA processes reciprocally influence histone PTMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bidirectional crosstalk between DNA processes and histone modifications.
  • To elucidate how DNA processes shape histone modification patterns.
  • To understand the temporal and spatial information conveyed by these modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on histone modifications and DNA processes.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying the reciprocal influence.
  • Synthesis of findings to illustrate integrated cellular functions.

Main Results:

  • Histone modifications are not only influenced by DNA processes but also shape them.
  • DNA processes dynamically alter histone modification landscapes.
  • This interplay allows for coordinated regulation of transcription, replication, and repair.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are key mediators of bidirectional crosstalk between DNA processes.
  • Understanding this crosstalk is essential for a holistic view of DNA metabolism.
  • This integrated perspective reveals how distinct DNA events function cohesantly.