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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

Infection

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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

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Infection-induced host extinction: Deterministic and stochastic models for environmentally transmitted pathogens.

Bei Sun¹, Daozhou Gao², Xueying Wang³

¹Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

Mathematical Biosciences

|January 17, 2025

Summary

Pathogen characteristics driving amphibian extinction were identified. Key factors include the pathogen

Keywords:

Dynamical analysis Environmentally transmitted pathogens Host extinction Stochastic model

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Epidemiology
Conservation Biology

Background:

Global amphibian decline is a critical conservation concern.
Pathogen infection, notably chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), is a suspected driver of species loss.
Understanding pathogen traits is crucial for amphibian conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific pathogen characteristics that can lead to host species extinction.
To model the influence of pathogen infection on amphibian decline and extinction dynamics.
To provide insights for developing effective amphibian conservation strategies.

Main Methods:

Developed deterministic and stochastic epidemic models (susceptible-infectious-pathogen).
Derived key epidemiological indices: host reproduction numbers, pathogen replication, and transmission rates.
Conducted theoretical analysis (stability, extinction probability) and numerical simulations.

Main Results:

Identified two critical conditions for a pathogen to drive host extinction: pathogen self-reproduction capacity and impact on host fecundity/survival.
Quantified the effects of various factors on amphibian decline and extinction probabilities.
Model analysis revealed factors influencing species persistence and extinction risk.

Conclusions:

Pathogen's ability to reproduce and its detrimental effects on host health are primary drivers of amphibian extinction.
Modeling approaches provide valuable tools for assessing extinction risks.
Findings support targeted conservation interventions against specific pathogen traits.