Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...

Introduction to Urinary System

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Identification and experimental validation of autophagy-related genes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Respiratory sarcopenia as a mortality predictor for chronic kidney disease: a dual-cohort longitudinal study.

Renal failure·2025

Same author

The Physical Developmental Characterization of Children with Nutritional Deficiencies and Attributed Specific Categories.

Nutrients·2025

Same author

Circulating RAC1 contributed to steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: Mendelian randomization, single-cell RNA-sequencing, proteomic, and experimental evidence.

Renal failure·2024

Same author

Association between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

BMC endocrine disorders·2024

Same author

Targeting RAC1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

International urology and nephrology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Demonstrating a Linear Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Luteinizing Hormone in Kidney Cortex Extracts

Demonstrating a Linear Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Luteinizing Hormone in Kidney Cortex Extracts

Published on: January 22, 2020

Association between estrogen and kidney function: population based evidence and mutual bidirectional Mendelian

Shisheng Han¹, Guangliang Xie¹, Yi Wang²

¹Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology

|January 18, 2025

Summary

This study found that higher serum estradiol levels are causally linked to better kidney function, measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Further research is needed to confirm this association in longitudinal studies.

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease Estrogen Mendelian randomization NHANES

More Related Videos

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Demonstrating a Linear Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Luteinizing Hormone in Kidney Cortex Extracts

Demonstrating a Linear Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Luteinizing Hormone in Kidney Cortex Extracts

Published on: January 22, 2020

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Nephrology
Genetics

Background:

Estrogen's role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology is suggested but not fully understood.
The precise association and causality between estrogen and kidney function require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between serum estradiol concentration and kidney function indicators (eGFR and ACR).
To determine the causal relationship between estradiol and kidney function using Mendelian randomization.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013-2016).
Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using large-scale GWAS data.
Weighted generalized multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis.

Main Results:

Serum estradiol concentration showed a positive association with eGFR and ACR.
A nonlinear positive association was observed between estradiol and eGFR, with an inverse "V"-shaped relationship for ACR.
Forward MR analyses indicated a positive causal relationship between estradiol and eGFR, but not ACR. The association was significant in populations with CKD and hypertension.

Conclusions:

Serum estradiol concentration is causally associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Further longitudinal studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the implications for kidney health.