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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Pediatric bladder tissue engineering: Where have we been and where do we go next?
Venkat M Ramakrishnan1, Hatim Thaker1, Gabriel-Luis Ocampo1
1Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Journal of Pediatric Urology
|January 18, 2025
Summary
Developing an off-the-shelf bladder substitute remains a challenge. Current bladder tissue engineering research focuses on improving angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation, but clinical relevance and physiological understanding are key gaps.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Biomaterials Science
- Urology
Background:
- Early clinical trials in bladder tissue engineering faced significant hurdles.
- Key limitations include challenges in angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review early bladder tissue engineering trials and challenges.
- To evaluate advancements in angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation over 15 years.
- To explore contributions of these domains to viable engineered bladder solutions.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of PubMed-searched studies (2009-2024).
- Inclusion of earlier clinical trials predating the search period.
Main Results:
- Analysis of four major clinical trials.
- Highlighting nearly 20 studies demonstrating progress in angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation.
Conclusions:
- An off-the-shelf bladder substitute is not yet available.
- Major knowledge gaps exist in testing clinically relevant disease models.
- A deeper understanding of engineered tissue physiology is required.
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