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Related Concept Videos

Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
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Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.
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Maize2035: A decadal vision for intelligent maize breeding.

Hai-Jun Liu1, Jie Liu1, Zhiwen Zhai1

  • 1Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China.

Molecular Plant
|January 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maize breeding advances are crucial for global food security, facing challenges from a changing climate. This perspective explores historical successes and future strategies, including multi-omics and smart breeding, for sustainable maize production.

Keywords:
Zea maysfood securitygenomic predictionhologenomicsmulti-omicssynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Maize is vital for global food security, but increasing production faces environmental challenges.
  • Historical maize breeding successes provide a foundation for current advancements.
  • Diverse geographies and end-use demands necessitate coordinated breeding goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a perspective on historical maize breeding successes and future opportunities.
  • To examine breeding goals for diverse global needs and sustainable agriculture.
  • To discuss cutting-edge technologies for enhancing maize production.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of historical maize breeding achievements.
  • Examination of current and future breeding objectives.
  • Discussion of advanced technologies like multi-omics, smart breeding, and synthetic biology.

Main Results:

  • Historical breeding has significantly improved maize production.
  • Future maize breeding requires a holistic, data-driven approach.
  • Advanced technologies offer transformative potential for trait improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated breeding efforts are essential for sustainable agriculture.
  • Integrating multi-omics, smart breeding, and synthetic biology will drive progress.
  • Collaboration and socioeconomic considerations are key to realizing future maize production potential.