[The role of the SPOCK1 protein in healthy and pathological liver processes]

Diseases of the liver pose a significant global health challenge, often being diagnosed late and difficult to treat. Therefore, understanding the pathological processes of the liver and identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets are of paramount importance, as these efforts may contribute to early diagnosis, more effective treatment strategies, and better patient outcomes. The SPARC/Osteonectin CWCV and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1) protein, first described in 1992, may play a crucial role in healthy and pathological liver processes, particularly in liver cancer and liver fibrosis. SPOCK1 is a multi-domain protein located both in the extracellular matrix and intracellularly, especially near the mitochondria. It is present in small amounts in a healthy liver, but its expression increases significantly in pathological conditions, such as HCV infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. SPOCK1 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis, thus contributing to tumor and fibrosis progression through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. SPOCK1 represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for liver cancer and other liver diseases. However, further research is needed to understand its clinical applications and significance, particularly regarding its functions and secretion mechanisms. Orv Hetil. 2025; 165(3): 82–89.