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Chinese power structure in 2050 considering energy storage and demand response under high renewable power penetration
Zhong Wang1, Yue Wang1, Ying Liu1
1College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 61000, China.
Abstract:
Energy storage and demand response offer critical flexibility to support the integration of intermittent renewable energy and ensure the stable operation of the power system. Using the ERA5 dataset and hourly power load data, this study develops an hourly-based dynamic optimization model to assess the roles of energy storage and demand response in Chinese (2050) power structure under high renewable energy penetration. The results revea; that: (1) Energy storage and demand response significantly contribute to reducing power transition cost, carbon emission, and power curtailment. Specifically, 2h storage duratin and 10% demand response capacity are found to reduce transition costs by 6.07 trillion CNY, carbon emissions by 11.38 billion tons, and annual power curtailment by 2.21 PWh. (2) By 2050, Chinese power structure will be dominated by wind and PV, with installed capacity exceeding 7000 GW. Regional differences will be evident, and energy storage will account for 8%-20% of the total installed renewable power capacity, while facilitating the retirement of over 250 GW of thermal power plants. (3) Complex substitution effects between energy storage, demand response, CCS, and renewable energy are observed, varying according to the duration of energy storage and the capacity of transmission lines across regions. (4) The operational mechanisms of energy storage and demand response align closely with PV generation patterns, showing high utilization from Feb to May. In contrast, thermal power generation and CCS mainly complement renewable power generation during the peak power demand period of Jul to Sep.
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