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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice
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Exosomes and non-coding RNAs: Exploring their roles in human myocardial dysfunction.

Magdalena Kulus1, Maryam Farzaneh2, Mohadeseh Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun 87-100, Poland.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|January 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key players in myocardial dysfunction. Understanding their roles offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for heart disease.

Keywords:
BioengineeringCardiomyopathiesExosomesMyocardial dysfunctionNon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Myocardial dysfunction stems from various conditions like heart attacks and hypertension.
  • Exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in heart disease.
  • These molecules mediate intercellular communication and gene regulation, impacting cardiac health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between exosomes and ncRNAs in myocardial dysfunction.
  • To highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving exosomes and ncRNAs.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies using engineered exosomes and modified ncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication via ncRNA cargo.
  • Dysregulated ncRNAs contribute to oxidative stress, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the heart.
  • Engineered exosomes and modified ncRNAs show promise for cardiac repair.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes and ncRNAs are crucial in myocardial dysfunction pathogenesis.
  • They hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges for clinical application.