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A combined experimental-computational approach for retinal characterization.

Beatrice Belgio1, Francesca Berti1, Riccardo Tripputi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.

Experimental Eye Research
|January 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding retinal biomechanics is crucial for safe gene therapy injections. This study introduces a novel small punch test and computational modeling approach to accurately measure retinal elasticity, minimizing surgical risks.

Keywords:
Finite element simulationsMechanical propertiesRetinaSmall punch testSubretinal injections

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Subretinal injections for inherited retinal diseases risk tissue damage from mechanical stress.
  • Existing methods like uniaxial tensile testing have limitations for characterizing retinal mechanical properties.
  • A standardized protocol is needed to understand retinal biomechanics for safer surgical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a combined experimental-computational approach using small punch testing and finite element simulations.
  • To investigate the retina's elastic behavior under biaxial deformations.
  • To establish a reproducible method for measuring retinal mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated environmental impacts (air, saline, temperature) on retinal elasticity via uniaxial tensile tests.
  • Developed and validated a small punch test protocol for measuring load-displacement response under biaxial stress.
  • Utilized finite element simulations to analyze retinal deformations and determine elastic modulus.

Main Results:

  • Environmental conditions did not significantly alter retinal elastic modulus.
  • Successfully established a reproducible small punch test for biaxial deformation analysis.
  • Determined the retina's elastic modulus to be 5.5 kPa using the combined approach.

Conclusions:

  • The combined small punch test and finite element simulation approach is a viable alternative to uniaxial testing for retinal biomechanics.
  • Accurate characterization of retinal mechanical properties is essential for minimizing complications during gene therapy injections.
  • This methodology can inform predictive in silico models and the development of biomimetic scaffolds for retinal repair.