Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

3.5K

The functional regulation between extracellular vesicles and the DNA damage responses

Jinyi Han1, Kexin Xu1, Ting Xu1

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.

Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation Research
|January 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate communication by influencing the DNA damage response (DDR). This review explores how EVs impact DDR and their therapeutic potential in diseases like cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is vital for organism survival, and its dysregulation is linked to diseases, particularly cancer.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication, gaining significant research attention.
  • Emerging evidence highlights a critical interplay between DDR and EVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the inter-regulatory relationship between EVs and DDR.
  • To emphasize the impact of EVs from various sources on recipient cell DDR.
  • To discuss the potential applications of EVs in research and cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating the connection between EVs and DDR.
  • Analysis of how DNA damage influences EV release and content.
  • Examination of how EVs modulate DDR in both originating and target cells.

Main Results:

  • DNA damage affects the release and composition of EVs.
  • EVs play a dual role in modulating DDR, influencing cell survival or death.
  • EVs from different sources exert varied effects on recipient cell DDR.

Conclusions:

  • EVs are significant players in the DDR pathway, influencing cellular fate.
  • Understanding the EV-DDR axis offers promising avenues for cancer research and treatment.
  • EVs hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents in oncology.
Keywords:
DNA damage responsebiomarkerexosomeextracellular vesicleneoplasm

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Combining Proximity Ligand Assay with Gamma-H2AX Staining to Characterize Protein Interactions in DNA Damage Response09:39

Author Spotlight: Combining Proximity Ligand Assay with Gamma-H2AX Staining to Characterize Protein Interactions in DNA Damage Response

Published on: August 2, 2024

399
Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy08:31

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.0K

Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.4K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
30.1K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.0K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
22.0K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.1K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
12.0K