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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2025

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

The Cognitive Footprint of Medication Use.

Marta Suárez Pinilla¹, Charlotte R Stoner^2,3, Martin Knapp⁴

¹Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Brain and Behavior

|January 20, 2025

Summary

Common medications can significantly impact cognition, affecting overall population health. Routine cognitive assessments are recommended for drug trials and post-market surveillance to understand these medication side effects.

Keywords:

medications | cognitive footprint | large‐scale cohorts | medication side effects | cognition

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Cognitive side-effects of medications are prevalent yet frequently underestimated in clinical practice and research.
The concept of a medication's 'cognitive footprint' aims to systematically measure its cognitive impact.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the population-level cognitive impact of commonly used medications.
To compare the cognitive burden of medications with that of common diseases.

Main Methods:

Utilized Bayesian multivariable regression analysis.
Analyzed retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional cohorts from UK Biobank, EPIC Norfolk, and Caerphilly Prospective Cohort.

Main Results:

Replicated known positive and negative cognitive effects of common medications.
Extended observed associations to independent cohorts, confirming medication-related cognitive impacts.
Quantified the cumulative population-level cognitive effects based on prescribing data.

Conclusions:

Commonly prescribed drugs can exert a substantial cognitive influence at the population level.
Advocates for integrating structured cognitive assessments into drug development and surveillance processes.