Novel radiopharmaceuticals in endocrinology: a comprehensive review

Endocrinology is the study of hormones and the endocrine glands that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in endocrinology. This comprehensive review explores the latest advances in novel radiopharmaceuticals with applications in the diagnosis and treatment of different endocrine disorders, including thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary disorders, as well as neuroendocrine tumours. The article discusses innovative approaches that leverage the decay characteristics of radioisotopes to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic imaging and the therapeutic capability of targeted interventions. It covers the fundamental principles underlying radiopharmaceutical design, synthesis, and imaging modalities, as well as the mechanisms that drive their efficacy in endocrine applications. Furthermore, the clinical implications of these novel radiopharmaceuticals are explored, along with their role in early detection, precise localisation, and personalised treatment strategies. Case studies and clinical trials are cited to highlight the practical utility and potential transformative impact of these advancements in the management of endocrine diseases. This review also notes current challenges, ongoing research and development, and future directions in the field. By providing a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of radiopharmaceuticals in endocrinology, this article aims to contribute to the collective knowledge base and foster a deeper understanding of the potential benefits and implications of these innovative technologies for both clinicians and researchers in the field of endocrine health.