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Preparation and Characterization of TKX-50/AP Cocrystals.

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Summary

A new energetic cocrystal of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) was synthesized. This TKX-50/AP cocrystal exhibits enhanced energy, reduced sensitivity, and improved moisture resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Energetic materials science
  • Crystallography
  • Materials chemistry

Background:

  • Development of advanced energetic materials is crucial for high-performance applications.
  • Dihydrohydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is a promising energetic material but requires property optimization.
  • Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a common energetic oxidizer, often used in composite propellants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel cocrystal of TKX-50 and AP.
  • To investigate the energetic properties, sensitivity, and moisture resistance of the new cocrystal.
  • To evaluate the potential applications of the TKX-50/AP cocrystal.

Main Methods:

  • Spray-assisted solvent-nonsolvent method for cocrystal preparation.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for structural confirmation.

Main Results:

  • A TKX-50/AP cocrystal (1:1 molar ratio) was successfully synthesized.
  • SEM revealed distinct morphology compared to the parent materials.
  • XRD and FT-IR confirmed the formation of the cocrystal structure.
  • The cocrystal demonstrated lower apparent activation energy than TKX-50.
  • Enhanced impact sensitivity (higher H50) and reduced friction sensitivity (lower P) were observed.
  • Improved moisture-proof properties were achieved for the cocrystal.

Conclusions:

  • The spray-assisted method is effective for preparing TKX-50/AP cocrystals.
  • The cocrystal formation significantly enhances safety characteristics (reduced sensitivity) while maintaining or improving energetic performance.
  • The improved moisture resistance suggests practical advantages for storage and handling.
  • The synthesized TKX-50/AP cocrystal shows considerable potential for advanced energetic material applications.