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Elevated Inflammation and Adhesion Molecule hsCRP, GDF-15 and VCAM-1 in Angina Patients with Non-obstructive Coronary

Zulkefli Sanip1, Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool2, Nurnajwa Pahimi2,3

  • 1Central Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.

The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences : MJMS
|January 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Biomarkers like VCAM-1 are elevated in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and can predict its occurrence. Peripheral levels of hsCRP, GDF-15, and VCAM-1 correlate with coronary levels, suggesting their potential as early NOCAD indicators.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Inflammation and Immunology

Background:

  • Non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) presents with angina but without significant blockages.
  • Understanding biomarkers in NOCAD is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • This study investigates inflammation and adhesion molecules in NOCAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the roles of inflammation and adhesion molecules in NOCAD development.
  • To explore correlations between peripheral and coronary levels of these biomarkers.
  • To identify potential early biomarkers for NOCAD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of symptomatic angina patients undergoing coronary angiography.
  • Categorization into obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) and NOCAD groups.
  • Measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in peripheral and coronary blood.

Main Results:

  • Elevated hsCRP, GDF-15, and VCAM-1 levels were observed in both OCAD and NOCAD groups compared to controls.
  • VCAM-1 levels significantly predicted NOCAD incidence (AUC = 0.716).
  • Strong correlations were found between peripheral and coronary levels of all measured biomarkers in both OCAD and NOCAD patients.

Conclusions:

  • NOCAD is associated with elevated hsCRP, GDF-15, and VCAM-1, even without obstructive lesions.
  • VCAM-1 shows promise as an early predictive biomarker for NOCAD.
  • Peripheral biomarker levels reflect coronary levels, offering potential for non-invasive assessment.
Abstract

Keywords:
C-reactive proteincoronary artery diseasegrowth differentiation factor 15inflammationnon-obstructive CADvascular cell adhesion molecule-1

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