Metastasis to jaw bones from renal cell carcinoma as the sole primary source: Systematic review

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been known for its high propensity of metastasis to unusual locations, and jaw bones (JBs) are one among those sites. The literature has reported several studies analyzing metastatic tumors to the oral region, but very little research work has been published to date to analyze solely JB metastasis (JBM) via RCC. The goal of this study was to examine the published cases of metastasis to JBs from RCC as the sole primary source till date. An electronic search of the published literature was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without publication year limitation in PubMed or MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Research Gate Databases, using MeSH keywords, such as ('Renal cancer', OR 'Renal carcinoma' OR 'Renal cell cancer' OR 'Renal cell carcinoma'), AND ('Metastasis' OR 'Metastases') And ('Jaw' OR 'Maxilla' OR 'Mandible') And ('Temporomandibular joint' OR 'Condyle' OR ' Ramus'). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked. Our research revealed a total of 56 relevant papers with 66 patients. The papers included were from 1939 to 2022. The mandible was the most predominant jaw affected than the maxilla. 19.7% of patients died with a mean survival time of 8.5 months. From the current research, it can be concluded that metastasis to JBs from RCC is a rare occurrence. A careful evaluation of these cases is needed to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics.