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Assessment of Risk Factors Associated With Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in the Western Libyan Patients
Osama Bheleel1, Alaa Abdulhamid1, Hajer Elmuaget2
1Department of Cardiology, Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects middle-aged men more, especially smokers. Women with CAD are more often non-smokers, with diabetes mellitus and hypertension as key risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cause of mortality.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for CAD prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of various risk factors on coronary angiographic outcomes in Libya.
- To identify demographic and clinical differences in CAD presentation.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 666 patient records from Tripoli University Hospital (01/04/2019–31/03/2020).
- Analysis of clinical data, coronary artery diagrams, and risk factor prevalence.
- Comparison of CAD incidence and risk factors between genders and age groups.
Main Results:
- Higher CAD incidence observed in male smokers under 60.
- Non-smoker patients were predominantly female.
- Diabetes mellitus (12%) and hypertension (13%) were primary risk factors for women.
- Smoking significantly impacted coronary angiography findings (40.52%) in men, often leading to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Conclusions:
- CAD is prevalent in middle-aged populations with a male predominance in Libya.
- Key contributing factors to CAD include diabetes, hypertension, and smoking.
- Gender-specific risk factor profiles necessitate tailored prevention strategies.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women. Accordingly, we retrospectively reviewed the effects of various risk factors on coronary angiographic outcomes. Data were collected from the catheter lab through Tripoli University Hospital records, whereas the team reviewed clinical data and coronary artery diagrams for 1 year from 01/04/2019 to 31/03/2020. In our study, the total number of cases was 666, 401 male and 265 female, aged between 27 and 91 years. Our analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of CAD among male smokers under 60. Conversely, a majority of nonsmoker patients were female. The most common risk factors for women were diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) (12% and 13%, respectively). While the men share the significant effects of smoking on coronary angiography (C. Angio) findings (40.52%), most of them underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In our study, there was evidence that CAD is a prevalent disease among middle-aged populations with male gender preference. The risk factors, including diabetes, HTN, and smoking, are the most contributing factors for developing CAD in Libya.
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