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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

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Assessing Links Between Alcohol Exposure and Firearm Violence: A Scoping Review Update.

Ellicott C Matthay1, Ariana N Gobaud2, Charles C Branas2

  • 1Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Alcohol Research : Current Reviews
|January 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcohol use and related policies are linked to firearm violence. Controlling alcohol availability and restricting firearm access for those with alcohol offenses can help prevent firearm violence.

Keywords:
alcoholfirearmgun ownershipgun possessionhomicideinjurysuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Abuse Research

Background:

  • Firearm violence is a major cause of death and injury in the U.S.
  • Alcohol exposure, including use and policies, is a known risk factor for firearm violence.
  • Further research is needed to inform prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update a 2016 systematic review on alcohol exposure and firearm violence.
  • To examine current evidence for causal links between alcohol use, interventions, and firearm violence outcomes.
  • To inform public health policy and prevention efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published since 2015.
  • Included human studies examining alcohol exposure and firearm violence risks, excluding non-original research and studies without confounder adjustment.

Main Results:

  • 43 studies met inclusion criteria, primarily using cross-sectional designs.
  • Consistent positive association between individual alcohol use/AUD and firearm ownership/access/carrying.
  • Policies restricting alcohol availability and firearm access for individuals with alcohol offenses showed reductions in firearm violence.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports a causal relationship between alcohol exposures (use, AUD, policies) and firearm violence.
  • Alcohol control policies and firearm access restrictions for individuals with alcohol offenses show promise for prevention.
  • Further research on subgroup impacts, perpetrator alcohol use, and policy effectiveness is recommended.