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Potential interaction between clorsulon and ivermectin for malaria vector control.

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Mass ivermectin (IVM) treatment of livestock (MITL) shows potential for malaria control by killing mosquitoes. New IVM-clorsulon (CLO) formulations do not affect IVM

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Medical Entomology

Background:

  • Mass ivermectin treatment of livestock (MITL) is explored for malaria control due to ivermectin's (IVM) mosquito-lethal effects.
  • Current veterinary practices increasingly use IVM co-formulated with clorsulon (CLO) to treat livestock helminth and liver fluke infections.
  • Control of Fasciola hepatica in livestock offers One Health benefits by reducing human exposure to liver flukes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the direct effect of clorsulon (CLO) on Anopheles dirus mosquito survival.
  • To determine if CLO alters the mosquito-lethal efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) when co-administered.
  • To assess the implications of IVM-CLO co-formulations for malaria vector control via MITL.

Main Methods:

  • Anopheles dirus mosquitoes were exposed to varying concentrations of CLO (1-10,000 nM) via blood feeding, with survival monitored for 10 days.
  • Co-feeding experiments involved An. dirus blood-fed on IVM (4 and 6 ng/mL) with or without CLO at concentrations simulating cattle peak (Cmax) and five times Cmax.
  • Mosquito survival was assessed for 10 days post-feeding in all experimental groups.

Main Results:

  • CLO alone exhibited no lethal effect on Anopheles dirus mosquitoes at tested concentrations.
  • Co-feeding IVM with CLO did not alter the mosquito-lethal effect of IVM.
  • The efficacy of IVM in MITL for mosquito control is unlikely to be affected by the presence of CLO in co-formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Clorsulon does not possess direct mosquito-lethal properties and does not interfere with ivermectin's efficacy against mosquitoes.
  • Current IVM-CLO co-formulations used in livestock are compatible with the use of MITL for malaria vector control.
  • MITL with IVM-CLO offers a dual benefit of livestock parasite control and potential malaria transmission reduction, aligning with One Health principles.