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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

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Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hannah Ramrakhiani1,2, Michael H Le3, Leslie Kam1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|January 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunity durability and anamnestic response to booster vaccination were assessed in a meta-analysis. About 63% retained immunity after 10 years, with higher response rates to boosters.

Keywords:
HBVboosterimmunityvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood vaccination against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is crucial for long-term protection.
  • Understanding the durability of HBV immunity and the response to booster doses is essential for public health strategies.
  • Previous studies have shown varied outcomes regarding long-term immunity after childhood HBV vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the durability of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunity in individuals vaccinated in childhood or adolescence.
  • To assess the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in this population.
  • To identify factors influencing HBV immunity durability and anamnestic response.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to June 1, 2023.
  • Inclusion of 91 eligible studies with 193,359 individuals from 208 cohorts.
  • Exclusion of studies with significant comorbidities or less than 5 years of follow-up.

Main Results:

  • 63.2% of individuals retained HBV immunity after a median follow-up of 10.15 years.
  • HBV immunity declined by 6.62% per follow-up year, with younger age at vaccination associated with better immunity retention.
  • Anamnestic response rate to a booster dose was 90.34%, with study setting being an independent factor.

Conclusions:

  • HBV immunity prevalence is approximately 60% 10 years post-childhood vaccination.
  • A high anamnestic response rate (around 90%) suggests preserved immune memory.
  • Consider HBV immunity testing for high-risk individuals with distant vaccination histories and administer boosters as needed.