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Elastographic evaluation for fatty liver disease in north Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Vinod Gupta1, Devi Dayal1, Anmol Bhatia2

  • 1Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|January 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased liver stiffness and a higher prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). These factors weakly correlate with BMI, diabetes duration, and glycemic control.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing concern in pediatric populations.
  • The prevalence and risk factors for MAFLD in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly in developing countries, remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of MAFLD and assess liver stiffness in children with T1D.
  • To identify potential predisposing factors associated with MAFLD in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 100 children with T1D and 36 healthy controls.
  • Liver fat and stiffness were evaluated using ultrasonography and shear-wave elastography (SWE).
  • SWE values were correlated with BMI, glycemic control, diabetes duration, and GGT levels.

Main Results:

  • Children with T1D exhibited significantly higher liver stiffness (SWE values) compared to controls (p=0.006).
  • Approximately 20-27% of children with T1D showed sonographic evidence of MAFLD, a significantly higher prevalence than in controls (p<0.001).
  • Liver stiffness showed a weak positive correlation with BMI, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and GGT.

Conclusions:

  • Children with T1D demonstrate increased liver stiffness and a higher prevalence of MAFLD.
  • While correlations exist, factors like obesity, diabetes duration, and metabolic control require further investigation in larger studies to understand their impact on MAFLD progression in T1D.
  • Findings highlight the need for increased awareness and monitoring of MAFLD in pediatric T1D patients, especially in resource-limited settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenfatty liver diseaseshear wave elastographytype 1 diabetes

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