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Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
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Validity of Lower-Extremity Strength Between Push- and Pull-Based Handheld Dynamometers: A Technical Report.

Neal R Glaviano1,2, Emma F Zuk3, Lauren Sheldon1,2

  • 1Sport Optimization and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
|January 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pull-based dynamometers offer a comfortable alternative to push-based devices for measuring lower-extremity force. They show good agreement for hip abduction and knee extension, but caution is advised for hip external rotation assessments.

Keywords:
dynamometryhipisometricknee

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal Research
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Handheld dynamometers are crucial for objectively measuring lower-extremity force.
  • Push-based dynamometers can cause patient discomfort and present standardization challenges.
  • Novel pull-based dynamometers offer improved patient comfort, necessitating validity studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lower-extremity force measurements between push- and pull-based handheld dynamometers.
  • To establish the validity and agreement of pull-based dynamometers against established push-based devices.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive laboratory study involving 21 healthy triathletes.
  • Isometric testing of hip abduction, hip external rotation, and knee extension using two dynamometer types.
  • Statistical analysis included Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman plots to assess relationships and agreement.

Main Results:

  • Strong correlations (r = .743-.767) were found for hip abduction and knee extension.
  • Moderate correlation (r = .429) was observed for hip external rotation.
  • Good agreement with acceptable limits of agreement was noted between devices, with pull-based devices showing higher torque for knee extension and hip external rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Pull-based dynamometers are a viable alternative to push-based devices for hip abduction and knee extension.
  • Some discrepancies exist for hip external rotation, requiring careful consideration.
  • Clinicians must be aware of inter-device differences in lower-extremity force measurement for accurate muscle function assessment.