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Circulating tumour DNA in early stage and locally advanced NSCLC: ready for clinical implementation?

Nicola Normanno1, Alessandro Morabito2, Anna Maria Rachiglio3

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|January 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) shows promise for monitoring early-stage and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While ctDNA detection correlates with recurrence and progression, more interventional studies are needed for routine clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is released by cancer cells and its levels in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) correlate with clinical factors.
  • Current NSCLC management recommends ctDNA analysis for molecular profiling in advanced stages.
  • This review explores ctDNA's potential in early-stage and locally advanced NSCLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the clinical utility of ctDNA in early-stage and locally advanced NSCLC.
  • To highlight ctDNA's prognostic value in disease recurrence and progression.
  • To identify the need for further interventional studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical studies and evidence on ctDNA detection in NSCLC.
  • Analysis of ctDNA's association with disease recurrence after surgery in early-stage NSCLC.
  • Evaluation of ctDNA's correlation with disease progression after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC.

Main Results:

  • ctDNA detection before/after surgery in early-stage NSCLC indicates higher recurrence risk.
  • Longitudinal ctDNA monitoring post-surgery aids early recurrence detection.
  • ctDNA detection post-chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC correlates with increased progression risk.

Conclusions:

  • ctDNA shows significant potential for monitoring early-stage and locally advanced NSCLC.
  • Current evidence is insufficient for routine ctDNA monitoring due to study limitations.
  • Interventional studies are crucial to establish ctDNA testing in these NSCLC settings.