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Phenotypic Plasticity of Grain Size-Related Traits in Main-Crop and Ratoon Rice.

Qiong Zhao1, Tian Wang1,2, Fa-Jing Pei1,2

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|January 21, 2025
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Summary

Increasing ratoon rice yield requires enhancing grain size and weight. This study identified candidate genes and their interactions with temperature and sunlight, offering new insights for rice breeding.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • * Agricultural Science
  • * Genetics
  • * Plant Biology

Background:

  • * Main-crop rice typically exhibits larger grain size and weight compared to ratoon rice.
  • * Improving ratoon rice grain traits is crucial for increasing overall rice yield.
  • * Understanding genetic factors influencing grain size is key for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with grain length (GL), grain width (GW), and thousand-grain weight (TGW) in indica rice.
  • * To investigate the interactions between these QTNs and meteorological factors (QMIs), specifically temperature and sunlight hours.
  • * To discover candidate genes controlling grain size differences between main-crop and ratoon rice.

Main Methods:

  • * Association analysis between 2,017,495 SNP markers and grain size traits (GL, GW, TGW) in 159 indica rice accessions.
  • * Detection of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and their interactions with meteorological factors (QMIs).
  • * Analysis of candidate gene expression and function, including LOC_Os04g45480 and its role in auxin receptor TIR1 accumulation and starch synthesis.

Main Results:

  • * Identified 59 QMIs for temperature and 80 QMIs for sunlight hours influencing grain traits.
  • * Pinpointed candidate genes interacting with temperature (LOC_Os02g40840 for GW, LOC_Os04g45480 for TGW) and sunlight (LOC_Os01g19970 for GL, LOC_Os02g39360/LOC_Os07g05720 for GW, LOC_Os07g49460 for TGW).
  • * Found LOC_Os04g45480 enhances TGW in main-crop rice via TIR1-mediated starch accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • * Identified specific candidate genes (e.g., LOC_Os04g45480) that contribute to the difference in thousand-grain weight between main-crop and ratoon rice.
  • * Highlighted the significant role of environmental interactions (temperature, sunlight) in shaping grain size traits.
  • * Provided valuable genetic resources and methods for future ratoon rice breeding programs aimed at enhancing grain yield.