Advances in the awareness of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tuberculosis (TB) significantly increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), positioning TB-associated COPD (TB-COPD) as a distinct category within the spectrum of respiratory diseases prevalent, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This condition results from the body's immune response to TB, leading to prolonged inflammation and consequent persistent lung damage. Diagnostic approaches, particularly post-bronchodilator spirometry, are vital for identifying airflow obstruction and confirming TB-COPD. Furthermore, exploring potential biomarkers is crucial for a deeper insight into the pathogenesis of TB-COPD and the improvement of treatment strategies. Currently, this condition is primarily managed using inhaled bronchodilators, with cautious use of inhaled corticosteroids advised owing to the increased risk of developing TB. This review delves into the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pulmonary function, and imaging characteristics of TB-COPD, scrutinizing current and prospective biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity for focused research to bridge the knowledge and treatment gaps in this complex condition.