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Goals are represented as continuous patterns, not discrete units, influencing cognitive control. Previous goals gradually bias behavior based on their representational distance, suggesting distributed mental spaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Action Control

Background:

  • Goals are fundamental to human action control across psychology.
  • The precise cognitive representation of goals remains under-explored.
  • Existing models often imply discrete goal units, contrasting with continuous representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether goals are represented as discrete units or distributed patterns in continuous mental spaces.
  • To empirically differentiate between discrete and continuous goal representation formats.
  • To extend existing models of cognitive control and goal-directed behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a set-shifting paradigm with color goals varying in representational distance.
  • Conducted three experiments analyzing behavioral biases during goal switches.
  • Measured the gradual decrease in bias with increasing distance between previous and current goals.

Main Results:

  • Previous goals exerted a bias on behavior during goal switches.
  • The magnitude of this bias decreased gradually as the distance between the previous and current goal increased.
  • Performance effects showed a monotonous relationship with representational distance, suggesting a bell-shaped activation spread.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge discrete goal representation models, supporting continuous, distributed activation patterns.
  • Goal representations likely exist as overlapping patterns within continuous mental spaces.
  • The gradual influence of goal distance suggests a monotonous spread of activation, impacting cognitive control models.