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Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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Interactions between Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) at the Water-Air Interface.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) form ordered coatings at water-air interfaces due to strong internal attractions. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting PFAS fate and improving water treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread contaminants in drinking water.
  • Standard water treatment methods are often ineffective at removing PFAS.
  • PFAS accumulate at water-air interfaces, influencing their environmental behavior and remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of organic loading on PFAS adsorption at water-air interfaces.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing PFAS accumulation at interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Simulations were conducted with varying interfacial densities of PFAS.
  • Interactions between PFAS molecules and with other interfacial components were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Adsorbed PFAS form ordered interfacial coatings driven by strong mutual interactions.
  • Attractions between perfluoroalkyl chains and electrostatic interactions between head groups are key.
  • These interactions can lead to near-cancellation of hydrophobic attraction and Coulomb repulsion.
  • PFAS adsorption is sensitive to the composition and density of interfacial coatings.

Conclusions:

  • The study explains the paradox of seemingly minimal interactions in adsorption isotherms versus high sensitivity to interfacial conditions.
  • Understanding these interfacial interactions is vital for accurate prediction of PFAS fate and transport.
  • This knowledge can inform the design of more effective PFAS remediation technologies.