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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:49

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

76

Arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Arundathi Jayatilleke1

  • 1Department of Medicine at Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

FP Essentials
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent joint damage. Prompt management with conventional or advanced therapies, guided by a treat-to-target strategy, improves patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent irreversible joint damage and maintain function.
  • RA management involves a multi-faceted approach to control disease activity and improve quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key principles of rheumatoid arthritis management.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and pharmacologic therapy initiation.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies, including conventional synthetic DMARDs, biologic DMARDs, and targeted synthetic DMARDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis management.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and patient evaluation by rheumatologists.
  • Overview of pharmacologic treatment options and the treat-to-target strategy.

    • Main Results:

    • Early rheumatologist evaluation and prompt initiation of pharmacologic therapy are essential for optimal RA outcomes.
    • A treat-to-target strategy, with regular monitoring of disease activity, improves patient prognosis.
    • Biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs may be necessary for patients with poor response to conventional therapies or aggressive disease.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective rheumatoid arthritis management requires early diagnosis, timely initiation of appropriate pharmacologic therapy, and a structured treat-to-target approach.
    • Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment are vital to achieve disease remission or low disease activity.
    • Patients and healthcare providers should be aware of the increased risks of infections and malignancy associated with RA and its treatments.