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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Building a Better All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery with Halide Solid-State Electrolyte.

Chao Li1, Yaping Du1

  • 1Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.

ACS Nano
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) using halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer improved safety and energy density. This review details halide SSEs, their synthesis, and performance for future smart grids.

Keywords:
Activation energyAll-solid-state lithium-ion batteriesElectrochemical stability windowElectronic conductivityHalide solid-state electrolytesIonic conductivityRare earthVacuum evaporation-assisted synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial energy storage devices, but face challenges in safety and energy density.
  • All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are emerging as a promising alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for ASSLBs.
  • To analyze halide SSEs based on halogen chemistry, synthesis, and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of halide SSE research.
  • Categorization based on halogen anions.
  • Comparison of ionic conductivity, activation energy, electronic conductivity, interfacial stability, and electrochemical window.

Main Results:

  • Halide SSEs show potential for high room-temperature ionic conductivity.
  • Various synthetic routes and optimization strategies for halide SSEs are summarized.
  • Performance metrics of different halide SSEs are compared in detail.

Conclusions:

  • Halide SSEs are key to advancing ASSLBs for stationary energy storage and smart grids.
  • Further research is needed to address unresolved challenges and unlock future opportunities for ASSLBs.