Unlocking Neuroinflammation: A Balanced Art for Therapeutics of Prion Disease

Neuroinflammation plays a dual role in prion diseases, contributing both to the clearance of misfolded scrapie-like prion protein and to neuropathology through chronic activation of inflammatory pathways. Key mechanisms, including M-CSF/CSF1R signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the Galectin-3/TREM2 axis, etc., highlight the complexity of targeting neuroinflammation for therapeutic intervention. Balancing the modulation of these pathways while preserving beneficial immune responses and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity is critical for developing effective treatments.