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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The 2025 motile active matter roadmap.

Gerhard Gompper1, Howard A Stone2, Christina Kurzthaler3

  • 1Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This roadmap reviews active matter, focusing on autonomous motion in biological and synthetic systems. It highlights challenges in non-equilibrium physics and outlines future research directions for micro-robotic systems and collective behavior.

Keywords:
active matterintelligent mattermicrobotsmicroswimmersnon-equilibrium systemsnon-reciprocal interactionsswarming

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Area of Science:

  • Physics and Engineering of Active Matter
  • Interdisciplinary Research in Self-Propelled Systems

Background:

  • Active matter encompasses diverse systems, from biological agents to synthetic micro-machines, exhibiting autonomous motion.
  • Understanding active matter requires addressing its non-equilibrium nature, non-additive interactions, and environmental sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of motile active matter research.
  • To provide guidance for future progress in the field, particularly for engineered micro-robotic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research findings.
  • Identification of key challenges and future research avenues.

Main Results:

  • Fundamental properties of motile active matter are increasingly understood.
  • The field is poised for advancements in complex environments, chirality, microbots, and collective behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Progress in active matter necessitates an interdisciplinary approach involving biology, physics, engineering, and mathematics.
  • The 2025 roadmap outlines critical areas for future exploration in this dynamic field.