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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Can an app designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking decrease depression and anxiety in young people? Results

Julia Funk1, Johannes Kopf-Beck2, Keisuke Takano3

  • 1Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Germany.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A smartphone app designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking (RNT) did not decrease depression and anxiety in at-risk youth. Exploratory analysis suggested potential benefits with higher app engagement.

Keywords:
AnxietyDepressionPreventionRepetitive negative thinkingSelf-help apps

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Digital Health
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescent and young adult mental health disorders are increasing, necessitating scalable prevention strategies.
  • Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a significant risk factor for depression and anxiety.
  • Smartphone applications offer a promising avenue for delivering RNT-focused interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a self-help app in reducing psychopathological symptoms and RNT in at-risk adolescents and young adults.
  • To compare a comprehensive RNT-reduction app against a single-strategy app (concreteness training) and a waitlist control.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial with 365 participants aged 16-22 with elevated RNT.
  • Participants were assigned to one of two apps or a waitlist for 6 weeks.
  • Intervention apps focused on reducing RNT, with one offering a broader range of strategies.

Main Results:

  • Neither app significantly reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or RNT compared to the waitlist.
  • Exploratory analysis indicated that higher usage of the full RNT-focused app correlated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Self-help app-based RNT prevention did not effectively reduce depression and anxiety in the target population.
  • Limited app engagement is a likely factor in the lack of significant intervention effects.
  • Future research should explore strategies to enhance user engagement with digital mental health tools.