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Olfactory Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents-A Diagnostic Pathway

Janine Gellrich1, Elisabeth C Lohrer1,2, Thomas Hummel3

  • 1Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Neuropediatrics
|January 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children can experience olfactory disorders, impacting their quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial, though specific pediatric guidelines are lacking, necessitating a structured approach to diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric healthcare
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Olfactory disorders are underrecognized in pediatric care, despite significant quality of life impacts.
  • Congenital causes are prevalent in children, contrasting with acquired causes in adults.
  • Lack of awareness leads to delayed diagnoses, often after multiple medical consultations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, causes, and diagnostic strategies for olfactory disorders in children.
  • To highlight the importance of a structured diagnostic pathway for pediatric olfactory dysfunction.
  • To discuss current therapeutic options, including counseling and olfactory training.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on pediatric olfactory disorders.
  • Emphasis on structured diagnostic approach including medical history and psychophysical olfactory testing.
  • Integration of specific examinations based on suspected underlying causes.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory disorders significantly affect children's quality of life.
  • Congenital etiologies are the primary drivers of olfactory dysfunction in pediatric populations.
  • A systematic diagnostic process is essential for accurate identification.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for increased awareness and specific diagnostic recommendations for olfactory disorders in children.
  • Structured diagnostic protocols are fundamental for timely and accurate diagnosis.
  • Management primarily involves patient counseling and olfactory training, with limited pharmacological options.

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