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Related Experiment Video

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Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients

Francesco Bettariga1,2, Daniel A Galvao3,2, Dennis R Taaffe3,2

  • 1Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia r.newton@ecu.edu.au francescobettariga@gmail.com.

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Summary

High muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) significantly lower mortality risk in cancer patients. Improving these fitness levels may reduce cancer-related deaths, especially in advanced stages and specific cancer types.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cancer patients face elevated risks of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.
  • Muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are crucial health indicators.
  • The prognostic value of these fitness components in cancer populations requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between muscle strength and CRF with mortality in cancer patients.
  • To determine if cancer type and stage modify these associations.
  • To provide evidence for the role of fitness in cancer survivorship.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
  • Searched five bibliographic databases up to August 2023.
  • Included 42 studies with 46,694 cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • High muscle strength and CRF were linked to a 31-46% reduction in all-cause mortality.
  • Each unit increase in muscle strength correlated with an 11% mortality reduction.
  • Associations were stronger in advanced cancer stages and in lung and digestive cancers.
  • Increased CRF was associated with an 18% reduction in cancer-specific mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated muscle strength and CRF are significant predictors of reduced all-cause mortality in cancer patients.
  • CRF improvements are associated with decreased cancer-specific mortality.
  • Fitness assessments are vital for prognostication, particularly in advanced cancers and specific subtypes like lung and digestive cancers.
  • Tailored exercise interventions targeting muscle strength and CRF may reduce cancer-related mortality.