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Simulations reveal liquid crystal (LC) torons stabilize at low flow but break apart at high flow. Partial slip boundary conditions cause reversible toron elongation, aligning with experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Liquid Crystal Science
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Topologically protected distortions, or solitons, like liquid crystal (LC) torons are crucial in microfluidic applications.
  • Understanding their behavior under material flow is essential but computationally challenging.
  • Previous simulations often focused on 2D systems, potentially missing 3D effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) structure of LC torons under varying material flow velocities.
  • To explore the impact of boundary conditions, specifically partial slip, on toron stability and shape.
  • To compare 3D toron behavior with 2D skyrmion responses to flow.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced three-dimensional (3D) computational simulations.
  • Analyzed toron structural changes at different flow velocities.
  • Investigated the effects of partial slip boundary conditions on toron dynamics.

Main Results:

  • LC torons achieve a stable configuration at low flow velocities.
  • Torons disintegrate at higher flow velocities, consistent with experimental observations.
  • Partial slip boundary conditions induce reversible elongation of torons, matching experimental findings.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D nature of LC torons significantly influences their response to material flow, differing from 2D systems.
  • These findings underscore the necessity of 3D simulations for accurate modeling of LC solitons in flow.
  • The study provides a foundation for exploring other topological solitons in flowing soft matter systems.