Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

5.2K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
5.2K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

7.2K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
7.2K
Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

12.0K
Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
12.0K
What are Proteins?01:28

What are Proteins?

14.0K
Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino acids. However, polypeptides have a molecular weight of fewer than 10,000 daltons, while proteins have greater molecular weight.  Polypeptides with less than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides or simply peptides. Interactions among the constituent amino acid side chains of proteins help them fold into a stable 3-dimensional...
14.0K
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

17.9K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
17.9K
Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

706
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
706

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrical Forces in Biology Across Distances.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025
Same author

Electricity in Space and on Earth.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025
Same author

Electricity in the Creation of Life.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025
Same author

Long-Distance Electron Transport in Unicellular Organisms and Biofilms.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025
Same author

Multicellularity and Electrical Forces.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025
Same author

Epithelia Are Scaffolds for Electricity-Dependent Molecular Interactions.

Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Protocols for a robust, flexible, and accessible platform technology
09:45

Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Protocols for a robust, flexible, and accessible platform technology

Published on: February 25, 2019

34.6K

Making Proteins with Electricity.

Colin D McCaig1

  • 1Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomes rely on electrical forces for protein building. Disruptions, like mutations, cause misfolded protein diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Ribosomes utilize electrical forces to regulate protein synthesis, cotranslation, chaperoning, and folding.
  • Disruptions in these electrical forces, often due to point charge mutations, lead to diseases caused by protein misfolding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of electrical forces in ribosome function.
  • To elucidate the link between disruptions in electrical forces and protein misfolding diseases.
  • To provide a detailed examination of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as a model disease.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involves theoretical modeling and/or experimental biophysical techniques to investigate ribosome-associated electrical phenomena.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations affecting charge and their impact on protein structure and function.
Keywords:
ChaperoneMagnesium sensingNascent chainsProteinProtein foldingProtein translationRibosomeTrigger factor

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFPS Systems for Synthetic Cell Construction
07:43

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFPS Systems for Synthetic Cell Construction

Published on: April 19, 2024

2.4K
Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems
07:35

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Published on: June 14, 2021

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Protocols for a robust, flexible, and accessible platform technology
09:45

Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Protocols for a robust, flexible, and accessible platform technology

Published on: February 25, 2019

34.6K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFPS Systems for Synthetic Cell Construction
07:43

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFPS Systems for Synthetic Cell Construction

Published on: April 19, 2024

2.4K
Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems
07:35

Rapid, Enzymatic Methods for Amplification of Minimal, Linear Templates for Protein Prototyping using Cell-Free Systems

Published on: June 14, 2021

2.6K
  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on protein misfolding diseases, focusing on alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrical forces are integral to the precise regulation of protein synthesis and folding within ribosomes.
    • Point charge mutations can disrupt these forces, leading to aberrant protein conformations.
    • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency serves as a key example of a disease arising from such disruptions.

    Conclusions:

    • Maintaining the integrity of electrical forces in ribosomes is crucial for preventing protein misfolding diseases.
    • Understanding these forces offers insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
    • Further research into ribosome biophysics can illuminate the origins of various genetic disorders.