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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

221
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
10:09

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Published on: March 5, 2014

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Simulation of a liquid drop on a soft substrate.

Yalda Poorhoshyar1, Amir H Fatollahi2, Amir Aghamohammadi1

  • 1Department of Fundamental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Alzahra University, Tehran, 1993891167, Iran.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically simulates liquid drops on soft substrates using energy minimization. Results show non-zero tangential traction near contact points, challenging existing elasticity assumptions for soft materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding liquid-substrate interactions is crucial for various applications.
  • Modeling soft substrates presents unique challenges due to their deformability.
  • Existing analytical models often rely on simplifying assumptions that may not hold true.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically simulate a liquid drop on an elastic substrate using an energy minimization approach.
  • To investigate the influence of material properties and geometry on wetting phenomena.
  • To analyze the validity of assumptions like zero tangential traction in elasticity.

Main Methods:

  • A cubic lattice of mass-springs models the elastic substrate.
  • Interfacial energy terms account for solid-liquid-vapor interactions.
  • A numerical minimization process under constant volume constraint determines system profiles.

Main Results:

  • The simulation accurately predicts substrate and drop profiles, yielding contact angles and effective surface tension.
  • Agreement with analytical solutions is observed, but deviations occur at higher Young's modulus or lower Poisson's ratios.
  • Non-zero tangential traction near contact points is identified, contradicting the no-tangential-traction assumption.

Conclusions:

  • Numerical simulations provide a powerful tool for studying liquid-solid interactions on soft substrates.
  • The assumption of zero tangential traction is not universally valid, especially near contact points.
  • Effective surface tension increases linearly with the Young's modulus for incompressible substrates.