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Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Confinement Induces Morphological and Topological Transitions in Multivesicles.

Luis S Mayorga1,2, Maria L Mascotti1, Bart M H Bruininks3

  • 1Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)─Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.

ACS Nano
|January 22, 2025
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Confinement alters vesicle shape and structure, driven by lipid tail length. This research explores self-assembly in confined spaces for advanced biomaterials and drug delivery applications.

Keywords:
fenestrationslipid vesiclesmolecular dynamicsself-assemblyshape changes

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science and materials science.
  • Biomaterials and nanotechnology.

Background:

  • Self-assembly of amphiphilic superstructures in confined environments is crucial for colloidal design.
  • Multivesicular bodies present complex interactions, shape effects, and lipid mixing dynamics.
  • Applications in biomedicine, including drug delivery and biomimetic materials, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of confinement on vesicles with varying lipid tail lengths.
  • To analyze morphological changes in single vesicles during dehydration.
  • To explore topological evolution of confined vesicles using molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of morphological changes in single spherical vesicles during dehydration.
  • Extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Investigation of vesicle behavior within confined spaces.

Main Results:

  • Dehydration induces vesicle shape transitions from prolate to oblate.
  • Reduced water content alters vesicle shape while maintaining surface area for lipid hydration.
  • Vesicles confined within other vesicles undergo topological changes influenced by lipid hydrocarbon lengths.

Conclusions:

  • Confinement significantly influences vesicle morphology and self-assembly.
  • The interplay of confinement, lipid sorting, and mixing entropy drives the formation of complex superstructures.
  • Findings offer insights into designing advanced biomimetic materials and drug delivery systems.