All Light Controlled Five State Logic Gates on a Ferroelectric Ceramic Chip

Differentiating photoelectric response in a single material with a simple approach is desirable for all-in-one optoelectronic logical devices. In ferroelectric materials, significantly distinct photoelectric features should be observed if they are in diverse polarization states, unveiling a possible pathway to realize multifunctional optoelectronic logic gates through ferroelectric polarization design. In this study, the Ti³⁺ self-doping strategy is first applied to 0.5Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃-0.5(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ ferroelectric ceramics (BZT-BCT-xT) through co-firing metallic Ti powders and BZT-BCT powders to enhance photoelectric output. Subsequently, on the BZT-BCT-3T ceramic surface that has optimal photoelectric properties, three individual regions are separated and heterogeneously polarized by using a novel planar three-electrodes structure. Intriguing illumination region-dependent photocurrent directions are demonstrated in this as-fabricated device. Based on this, five basic optoelectronic logic gates are integrated into single ferroelectric ceramic via fully light-controlled methods, including "AND", "OR", "NOT", "NAND" and "NOR". These gates can be readily switched by simply altering the output electrodes or light intensity of 405 nm LED modulating light. This work not only puts forward an innovative strategy for designing ferroelectric optoelectronic logic gates, but also provides feasibility for more ferroelectric materials to be applied in logical devices.