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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2025

A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure

A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure

Published on: February 20, 2019

Piezoelectric Vitamin-Based Self-Assemblies for Energy Generation.

Jian Hu¹, Shuaijie Liu¹, Yehong Huo¹

¹Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|January 22, 2025

Summary

Vitamin self-assemblies show tunable piezoelectricity for power generation. D-biotin assemblies create efficient piezoelectric nanogenerators for wearable sensors and energy harvesting from movement.

Keywords:

energy harvesting molecular self‐assembly piezoelectricity supramolecular chemistry vitamin

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry
Piezoelectric Materials

Background:

Biomolecular self-assemblies exhibit diverse structures and piezoelectric properties.
Understanding the link between supramolecular organization and piezoelectricity is crucial for developing new biomaterials.
The piezoelectricity of vitamin-based self-assemblies remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the piezoelectricity of vitamin-based self-assemblies.
To explore their potential for energy harvesting applications.
To establish structure-property relationships for piezoelectric biomaterials.

Main Methods:

X-ray diffraction to study self-assembled structures.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for piezoelectric coefficients.
Fabrication and testing of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs).

Main Results:

Vitamin molecules self-assemble into various structures with tunable piezoelectric coefficients (3.8–42.8 pC N^-1).
Vitamin B₇ D-biotin (D-BIO) self-assemblies demonstrated superior piezoelectricity.
D-BIO based PENG achieved ≈0.8 V output, showing high durability and stability.
PENGs successfully powered wearable sensors and illuminated LEDs using biomechanical energy.

Conclusions:

Vitamin-based self-assemblies offer a promising route to high-performance piezoelectric biomaterials.
Supramolecular engineering can tune piezoelectric properties for specific applications.
This study provides a foundation for developing novel energy harvesting devices from biomaterials.