Selenium in cancer management: exploring the therapeutic potential

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Nutritional Science
• Oncology

Background:

• Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element vital for numerous biological processes and physiological activities.
• Selenium deficiency is linked to increased risks of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• The relationship between selenium status and health outcomes follows a U-shaped dose-response curve, highlighting the importance of optimal levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the significance of maintaining adequate selenium levels for overall health.
• To elucidate the detrimental effects of selenium deficiency on physiological functions.
• To explore the role of selenium in cancer prevention and treatment, including its diverse chemical forms and anticancer mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and studies on selenium's biological roles and health implications.
• Analysis of research on the dose-response relationship between selenium status and disease risk.
• Examination of studies investigating selenium compounds, selenoproteins, and selenium nanoparticles for anticancer properties.

Main Results:

• Optimal selenium levels are critical for preventing various diseases, with deficiency posing significant health risks.
• Selenium plays a dual role in cancer, contributing to both prevention and treatment strategies.
• Diverse selenium entities, including selenoproteins, compounds, and nanoparticles, exhibit anticancer efficacy through various molecular targets and mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Maintaining optimal selenium status is essential for human health and disease prevention.
• Selenium's role in cancer is multifaceted, offering potential for both therapeutic and preventative applications.
• Further research into selenium entities and their anticancer mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.