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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Development of the Foot and Ankle Activity Level Scale (FAALS) Instrument.

Lauren M Matheny1, Thomas O Clanton2,3, Jonathon D Backus2,3

  • 1School of Data Science and Analytics at Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.

Foot & Ankle International
|January 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new Foot and Ankle Activity Level Scale (FAALS) was developed to measure patient recovery. This reliable and valid instrument helps track progress and improve communication for foot and ankle conditions.

Keywords:
FAALSactivity level scaleanklefootinstrument developmentpsychometricreliabilityvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Physical Therapy
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Lack of specific instruments to measure foot and ankle activity levels for patient recovery.
  • Activity level is a key indicator of patient recovery progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Foot and Ankle Activity Level Scale (FAALS) as a clinical tool.
  • To provide a reliable measure for assessing patient activity levels specific to the foot and ankle.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-phase study involving item generation, piloting, and Rasch analysis (n=1432).
  • Content validity, item reduction, reliability, and validity were assessed.
  • Correlation and regression analyses confirmed convergent, divergent, and criterion validity.

Main Results:

  • The Foot and Ankle Activity Level Scale (FAALS) consists of 22 items with excellent reliability (person=0.92, item=1.00) and validity.
  • The scale demonstrated sensitivity in distinguishing between groups based on ankle surgery history and BMI.
  • Total scores correspond to one of four distinct activity levels.

Conclusions:

  • The FAALS is a short, clinically practical tool for measuring foot and ankle activity.
  • FAALS normative values enhance physician-patient communication and shared decision-making.
  • The instrument aids in improving postoperative care and tracking recovery.