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Updated: May 31, 2025

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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The neonate respiratory microbiome.

Sabine Pirr1,2,3, Maike Willers1, Dorothee Viemann1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|January 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The respiratory tract hosts a dynamic microbiome from birth, influenced by factors like delivery mode and diet. Understanding this infant respiratory microbiome is key to developing strategies for lifelong respiratory health.

Keywords:
gut–lung axishost–immunity interactionmicrobiome developmentmicrobiotaneonaterespiratory diseaserespiratory tract

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The respiratory tract, once thought sterile, is now known to harbor diverse microbiota.
  • Advances in technology reveal distinct microbiome compositions and developmental patterns in infants' respiratory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of respiratory microbiota development in neonates and infants.
  • To highlight factors influencing respiratory microbiome development and its association with diseases.
  • To emphasize the role of the gut-lung axis in pulmonary immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on respiratory microbiome development and disease associations in infants.
  • Analysis of factors impacting microbiome composition, including gestational age, delivery mode, diet, antibiotics, and infections.

Main Results:

  • Identified key factors influencing infant respiratory microbiome development.
  • Discussed associations between respiratory microbiome and infant/childhood diseases.
  • Highlighted the critical role of the gut-lung axis in immune system development.

Conclusions:

  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding host-respiratory microbiome interactions.
  • Further research is needed to translate findings into microbiome-based strategies for respiratory health.
  • Early-life respiratory microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping pulmonary immunity.