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Stable Soil Biota Network Enhances Soil Multifunctionality in Agroecosystems.

Xianwen Long1,2,3, Jiangnan Li1,2, Xionghui Liao1,2

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Intensive agriculture increases soil biota network complexity but reduces stability. Soil microfauna stability is key for soil multifunctionality, crucial for sustainable agriculture and crop productivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Soil ecology
  • Agricultural science
  • Ecosystem stability

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of agricultural management on soil biota networks is vital for sustainable agriculture.
  • Current knowledge on how soil management intensity affects soil biota network complexity, stability, and soil multifunctionality remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying soil management intensity on soil biota network complexity, stability, and soil multifunctionality.
  • To explore the relationships between these factors and identify key drivers of soil multifunctionality.

Main Methods:

  • Selected four land use types representing a gradient of disturbance intensity in China.
  • Analyzed network cohesion, topological features (e.g., average degree, modularity), and average variation degree to assess network properties.
  • Utilized network analysis to evaluate the contribution of different soil organism groups, particularly soil microfauna, to network stability and multifunctionality.

Main Results:

  • Intensive soil management enhanced soil biota network complexity but diminished network stability.
  • Soil microfauna (nematodes, protozoa, arthropods) played a crucial role in stabilizing the soil biota network via top-down control.
  • Soil biota network stability, more than complexity or biodiversity, predicted soil multifunctionality, with microfauna stability showing a stronger contribution.

Conclusions:

  • Soil biota network stability is a critical factor for enhancing soil multifunctionality and agricultural sustainability.
  • Prioritizing soil microfauna stability is essential for improving crop productivity under increasing agricultural intensification.
  • Management practices should focus on maintaining soil biota network stability to support ecosystem functions and sustainable agriculture.