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Hospitalization and mortality in children due to COVID-19. A retrospective study from Brazil

Ana Carolina Pereira de Godoy1, Reinaldo Bugarelli Bestetti2

  • 1Hospital da Criança e Materinade de Sao Jose do Rio Preto-Brazil, Rua Floriano Peixoto 2950, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR.

JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
|January 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 mortality was significantly lower in children and adolescents (3.13%) compared to adults (25.4%). Most pediatric deaths were linked to pre-existing conditions, highlighting the importance of comorbidities in severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant global health challenge, affecting all age groups.
  • Children are as susceptible to COVID-19 infection as adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare COVID-19 mortality rates between individuals under 19 years old and adults.
  • To identify factors associated with mortality in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational study of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil.
  • Analysis of medical records for 8986 patients, including 383 under 19 (Group I) and 8603 adults (Group II).
  • COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Overall COVID-19 mortality was substantially higher in adults (25.4%) than in children and adolescents (3.13%) (p < 0.0001).
  • Of the 12 pediatric deaths, 11 had associated comorbidities.
  • Mortality rates varied by age group within the pediatric cohort, with the highest in 15-19 year olds (5.13%).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 mortality is significantly lower in pediatric populations compared to adults.
  • Comorbidities play a crucial role in the mortality of children and adolescents with COVID-19.
Abstract

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