Emotional Movement Kinematics Guide Twelve-Month-Olds' Visual, but Not Manual, Exploration

The ability to recognize and act on others' emotions is crucial for navigating social interactions successfully and learning about the world. One way in which others' emotions are observable is through their movement kinematics. Movement information is available even at a distance or when an individual's face is not visible. Infants have been shown to be sensitive to emotions in movement kinematics of transporting actions, like moving an object from one to another place. However, it is still unknown whether they associate the manipulated object with the emotions contained in moving it, and whether they use this information to guide their own exploration of this object. In this study, 12-month-old infants watched actors transporting two toys with positive or negative emotional valence. Then, infants were given the possibility to interact with the same toys. We expected the infants to look at and touch the toy handled in a positive manner more, compared to the toy handled in a negative manner. Our results showed that infants looked at the positive toys more than at the negative toys, but that infants touched both toys for the same amount of time. Also, there was no difference in which toy they manually explored first.