Anti-TMV activity based flavonol derivatives containing piperazine sulfonyl: Design, synthesis and mechanism study

A series of flavonoid derivatives containing piperazine sulfonate were designed and synthesized. The results of antiviral experiments in vivo showed that some target compounds had good inhibitory effect on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The EC₅₀ values of S15 and S19 curative activity were 174.5 and 110.4 μg/mL, respectively, which were better than 253.7 μg/mL of Ningnanmycin (NNM). The EC₅₀ values of S4 and S19 protection activity were 140.3 and 116.1 μg/mL, respectively, better than that of NNM (247.1 μg/mL). Microscale thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking experiments showed that S19 had a good molecular binding force with TMV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that S19 can fracture TMV particles and affect self-assembly. S19 treatment had almost no effect on the growth of seeds and seedlings, and can change the content of chlorophyll malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tobacco to a certain extent, and improve the disease resistance of tobacco.