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Ventricular-arterial coupling: changes with ageing and implications across cardiovascular conditions
Mateusz Gaczoł1, Marek Rajzer1, Wiktoria Wojciechowska1
11st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Blood Pressure
|January 22, 2025
Summary
Ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) declines with age due to arterial stiffening and reduced heart function. Novel metrics like the pulse wave velocity/global longitudinal strain (PWV/GLS) ratio may improve assessment of cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) describes the interaction between the left ventricle and arterial system.
- Ageing and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) significantly impact VAC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review changes in VAC with ageing and common CVDs.
- To explore traditional and emerging VAC assessment methods.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on VAC in ageing and CVDs (hypertension, AF, HFpEF, HFrEF, AS).
- Analysis of traditional measures (arterial elastance [Ea], ventricular elastance [Ees]) and novel parameters (global longitudinal strain [GLS], pulse wave velocity [PWV]).
Main Results:
- Ageing increases Ea and Ees, maintaining a stable Ea/Ees ratio.
- The novel PWV/GLS ratio shows greater impairment in older adults, offering a comprehensive VAC evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Ageing impairs VAC via arterial stiffening and reduced cardiac function, often worsened by CVDs.
- The PWV/GLS ratio may enhance VAC assessment for managing age-related cardiovascular conditions.
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