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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

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The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates
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Revealing the Complex Interaction of Noncoding RNAs, Sirtuin Family, and Mitochondrial Function.

Ludong Yuan1,2, Leijing Yin1,2, Xiaofang Lin1,2

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

The Journal of Gene Medicine
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Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and sirtuins (SIRTs) interact to regulate mitochondrial function and cellular health. This review explores their crosstalk, impacting metabolism, stress, and disease, offering therapeutic insights.

Keywords:
apoptosismetabolismmitochondrianoncoding RNAsoxidative stresssirtuins

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital organelles regulating cellular metabolism and homeostasis.
  • Maintaining mitochondrial integrity requires intricate communication between noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins.
  • The sirtuin (SIRT1-7) family, NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases, are key players in cellular regulation and interact with ncRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interplay between ncRNAs and sirtuins.
  • To elucidate how this interaction influences mitochondrial homeostasis and related pathophysiological processes.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating ncRNA-sirtuin interactions.
  • Analysis of the impact of these interactions on mitochondrial functions.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs regulate sirtuin gene expression, while sirtuin deacetylation influences ncRNA generation.
  • Their crosstalk affects mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, biogenesis, and dynamics.
  • Dysregulation contributes to various mitochondria-related diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The ncRNA-sirtuin axis is crucial for mitochondrial function and cellular health.
  • Understanding this relationship offers a framework for future research in mitochondrial biology.
  • Targeting ncRNA-sirtuin interactions may lead to novel biomedical applications and treatments.