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Pulmonary Embolism and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Alberto García-Ortega1,2, Ana Pedro-Tudela1,2, Laura Taberner-Lino1,2
1Respiratory Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|January 22, 2025
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a new risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE), increasing risks for recurrence and mortality. Further research is needed to understand the link and treatment effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Pulmonary embolism (PE) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are significant global health concerns.
- Overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms between PE and OSA are increasingly recognized.
- OSA is a prevalent condition causing intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the relationship between OSA and PE.
- To investigate OSA as a potential risk factor for PE.
- To examine the impact of OSA on PE outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological studies and current data on OSA and PE.
- Analysis of OSA's potential role in Virchow's triad (hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction, venous stasis).
Main Results:
- High prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in acute PE patients.
- Moderate-to-severe OSA linked to worse clinical presentation and outcomes.
- OSA associated with increased risk of PE recurrence and mortality.
Conclusions:
- OSA is an emerging risk factor for PE.
- The bidirectional relationship between OSA and PE requires further clarification.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy's efficacy in concurrent PE and OSA warrants investigation.
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