LILRB4 as a novel immunotherapeutic target for multiple diseases

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Immune checkpoints are vital for immune homeostasis and implicated in autoimmune diseases.
• Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4) is a unique immune checkpoint with restricted normal tissue expression but prominent presence in tumors.
• LILRB4 functions as both a Tumor Immune Checkpoint and a Tumor Stromal Immune Checkpoint, influencing various immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the expression and function of LILRB4 across multiple diseases.
• To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies targeting LILRB4.
• To explore challenges and future directions in LILRB4-targeted drug development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of LILRB4 expression, function, and therapeutic targeting.
• Analysis of LILRB4's role in tumors, autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, transplantation, and pregnancy.
• Exploration of combination therapies involving LILRB4-targeted agents.

Main Results:

• LILRB4 exhibits a distinct expression profile, playing a key role in diverse pathological conditions.
• Therapeutic strategies targeting LILRB4 are under investigation for various diseases.
• Combining LILRB4-targeted therapies with existing treatments shows potential.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of LILRB4's ligands, functions, and mechanisms is crucial for developing advanced therapies.
• LILRB4-targeting drugs face challenges, necessitating further research for effective clinical application.
• This review provides insights into LILRB4's multifaceted roles and therapeutic potential.